Data sources

Each value Trefle shows for Helianthus annuus, with what every source says about it. When sources disagree, the strongest source is shown (how sources are ranked). Values imported before sources were recorded one by one are marked Source not recorded.

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Sourced19 Differs from sources3 Source not recorded10 Not on the record10 Sources: TRY Plant Trait Database, Earlier Trefle data

Field	Shown	What the sources say
Core
Author	L.	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Bibliography	Sp. Pl.: 904 (1753)	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Phylum	Tracheophyta	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Rank	species	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Status	accepted	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Year	1753	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Descriptive
Common name	Sunflower	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Family common name	Aster family	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Observations	SW. U.S.A. to Mexico	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Morphology
Average height	94 cm	94.2 cm · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 27 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 25, 28, 92, 116, 164, 178, 251, 500, 564, 818, 882, 898	Differs from sources
Biological type	therophyte	therophyte · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 7 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 164, 178, 350, 500, 918	Sourced
Flower color	brown, orange, yellow	brown, orange, yellow · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 5 observations · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 92, 350, 882 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded brown, orange, yellow · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 5 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 92, 350, 882	Sourced
Flower conspicuous	true	true · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Foliage color	empty	green · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 92 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded green · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Foliage texture	coarse	coarse · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Fruit color	grey, black	black, grey · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 4 observations · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 92, 882 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded black, grey · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 4 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92, 882	Sourced
Fruit conspicuous	true	true · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Fruit shape	achene	achene · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 4 observations · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 350, 882 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded achene · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 4 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 350, 882	Sourced
Growth form	Single Crown	Single Crown · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Growth habit	Forb/herb	Forb/herb · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Growth rate	Rapid	Rapid · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 92 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded Rapid · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Sourced
Inflorescence type	empty	solitary · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 350 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded solitary · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 350	Not on the record
Maximum height	225 cm	225 cm · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 6 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 25, 28, 92, 116, 164, 178, 251, 500, 564, 818, 882, 898	Sourced
Sexuality	empty	hermaphrodite · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 4 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded hermaphrodite · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4	Not on the record
Vegetable	false	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Phenology
Bloom months	jun, aug	jun, aug · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 163 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded jun, aug · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 163	Sourced
Duration	annual, biennial	annual, biennial · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 44 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 25, 28, 71, 92, 110, 164, 178, 314, 432, 460, 818, 882, 918	Sourced
Ecology
Atmospheric humidity	4 / 9 · moderately dry air	4 / 9 · moderately dry air · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Ground humidity	empty	6 / 12 · moist (meso-hygrophilous) · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 178 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded 6 / 12 · moist (meso-hygrophilous) · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 178	Not on the record
Light	8 / 9 · light	7 / 9 · half-light to light · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 178 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded 7 / 9 · half-light to light · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 178	Differs from sources
Nitrogen fixation	None	None · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 35 observations · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 37, 67, 71, 89, 110, 130, 444, 445 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded None · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 35 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 37, 67, 71, 89, 110, 130, 444, 445	Sourced
Ph maximum	pH 7.8	pH 7.8 · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Ph minimum	pH 5.5	pH 5.5 · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Soil nutriments	8 / 9 · very rich (pereutrophic)	7 / 9 · rich (eutrophic) · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 178 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded 7 / 9 · rich (eutrophic) · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 178	Differs from sources
Soil salinity	0 / 9 · absent from saline soils	0 / 9 · absent from saline soils · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 178 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded 0 / 9 · absent from saline soils · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 178	Sourced
Cultivation
Minimum root depth	150 cm	150 cm · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 14 observations · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 92, 432, 818, 898 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded 150 cm · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 14 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92, 432, 818, 898	Sourced
Usda legacy
C n ratio	empty	13.7 · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 412 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded 13.7 · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 412	Not on the record
Other
Human usage type	—	berries_nuts_seeds, fodder · TRY Plant Trait Database · Reported · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 92 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded berries_nuts_seeds, fodder · TRY Plant Trait Database · Reported · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Propagation method	—	seed · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 92 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded seed · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Salt tolerance	—	Low · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 92 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded Low · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Shade tolerance	—	None · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 92 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded None · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Soil ph indicator	—	5 · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-20 TRY 7.0 datasets 178 1 earlier or rejected value Superseded 5 · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 178	Not on the record

Helianthus annuus L., 1753 56% complete

Sunflower

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Data sources