Data sources

Each value Trefle shows for Rudbeckia hirta, with what every source says about it. When sources disagree, the strongest source is shown (how sources are ranked). Values imported before sources were recorded one by one are marked Source not recorded.

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Sourced16 Differs from sources2 Source not recorded11 Not on the record12 Sources: TRY Plant Trait Database, Earlier Trefle data

Field	Shown	What the sources say
Core
Author	L.	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Bibliography	Sp. Pl.: 907 (1753)	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Phylum	Tracheophyta	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Rank	species	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Status	accepted	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Year	1753	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Descriptive
Common name	Black-eyed-susan	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Family common name	Aster family	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Observations	E. U.S.A.	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Morphology
Average height	58 cm	58 cm · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 79 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 25, 28, 66, 92, 116, 164, 335, 500, 569, 574, 664, 853, 866, 925	Sourced
Biological type	hemicryptophyte	hemicryptophyte · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 231 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 25, 71, 164, 500, 918, 925	Sourced
Flower color	yellow	yellow · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 92	Sourced
Flower conspicuous	true	true · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Foliage color	empty	green · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Foliage texture	coarse	coarse · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Fruit color	empty	brown · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Fruit conspicuous	false	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Fruit shape	empty	nut · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4	Not on the record
Growth form	Single Stem	Single Stem · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Growth habit	Forb/herb	Forb/herb · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Growth rate	Rapid	Rapid · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Sourced
Maximum height	68 cm	67.5 cm · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 25, 28, 66, 92, 116, 164, 335, 500, 569, 574, 664, 853, 866, 925	Differs from sources
Sexuality	empty	hermaphrodite · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4	Not on the record
Vegetable	false	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Phenology
Bloom months	jun, jul, aug	jun, jul, aug · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 3 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 66, 163	Sourced
Duration	annual, biennial, perennial	annual, biennial, perennial · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 232 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 66, 71, 92, 110, 164, 460, 918, 925	Sourced
Ecology
Atmospheric humidity	7 / 9 · humid air	7 / 9 · humid air · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Ground humidity	empty	4 / 12 · moderately dry (meso-xerophilous) · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 242	Not on the record
Light	8 / 9 · light	7 / 9 · half-light to light · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 489	Differs from sources
Nitrogen fixation	None	None · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 5 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 66, 71, 444, 445	Sourced
Ph maximum	pH 7	pH 7 · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Ph minimum	pH 6	pH 6 · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Soil nutriments	6 / 9 · rather rich (meso-eutrophic)	6 / 9 · rather rich (meso-eutrophic) · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 242, 489	Sourced
Soil salinity	0 / 9 · absent from saline soils	0 / 9 · absent from saline soils · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 242, 489	Sourced
Cultivation
Minimum root depth	empty	25 cm · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Usda legacy
C n ratio	empty	36.4 · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 9 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 570	Not on the record
Other
Propagation method	—	seed · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Salt tolerance	—	None · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Shade tolerance	—	None · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 92	Not on the record
Soil ph indicator	—	8 · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 242, 489	Not on the record
Temperature indicator	—	7 · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 242	Not on the record

Rudbeckia hirta L., 1753 50% complete

Black-eyed-susan

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Data sources