Data sources

Each value Trefle shows for Xanthium strumarium, with what every source says about it. When sources disagree, the strongest source is shown (how sources are ranked). Values imported before sources were recorded one by one are marked Source not recorded.

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Sourced17 Differs from sources1 Source not recorded10 Not on the record6 Sources: TRY Plant Trait Database, Earlier Trefle data, Merged from a synonym record

Field	Shown	What the sources say
Core
Author	L.	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Bibliography	Sp. Pl.: 987 (1753)	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Phylum	Tracheophyta	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Rank	species	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Status	accepted	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Year	1753	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Descriptive
Common name	California-bur	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Family common name	Aster family	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Observations	SC. & S. Europe to China and Indo-China, Taiwan, NW. Africa	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Morphology
Average height	51 cm	50.84 cm · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 11 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 25, 90, 164, 203, 236, 818, 853, 918	Differs from sources
Biological type	therophyte	therophyte · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 10 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 25, 164, 203, 500, 918	Sourced
Flower color	green	green · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4	Sourced
Foliage color	green	green · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 12 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 236, 443, 879	Sourced
Foliage texture	fine	fine · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 6 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 236, 443, 879	Sourced
Fruit shape	nut	nut · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4, 350	Sourced
Growth habit	Forb/herb	Forb/herb · Earlier Trefle data · Reported · 2026-10-19 value present before provenance tracking (2022 import), no source recorded	Sourced
Inflorescence type	empty	head · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 350	Not on the record
Maximum height	120 cm	120 cm · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 3 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 25, 90, 164, 203, 236, 818, 853, 918	Sourced
Sexuality	empty	monoecious · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 4	Not on the record
Vegetable	false	No source recorded	Source not recorded
Phenology
Bloom months	jul, sep	jul, sep · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 163, 203	Sourced
Duration	annual	annual · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 23 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 25, 28, 71, 164, 203, 236, 443, 460, 818, 879, 882, 918	Sourced
Ecology
Atmospheric humidity	5 / 9 · medium air humidity	5 / 9 · medium air humidity · Merged from a synonym record (Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum) · Reported · 2026-09-05	Sourced
Ground humidity	empty	6 / 12 · moist (meso-hygrophilous) · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 203	Not on the record
Light	8 / 9 · light	8 / 9 · light · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 489 8 / 9 · light · Merged from a synonym record (Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum) · Reported · 2026-09-05	Sourced
Nitrogen fixation	None	None · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 7 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 67, 71, 444, 445	Sourced
Ph maximum	pH 7.5	pH 7.5 · Merged from a synonym record (Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum) · Reported · 2026-09-05	Sourced
Ph minimum	pH 7	pH 7 · Merged from a synonym record (Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum) · Reported · 2026-09-05	Sourced
Soil nutriments	7 / 9 · rich (eutrophic)	7 / 9 · rich (eutrophic) · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 489 7 / 9 · rich (eutrophic) · Merged from a synonym record (Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum) · Reported · 2026-09-05	Sourced
Soil salinity	1 / 9 · barely saline (hyperoligohaline)	2 / 9 · very slightly saline (peroligohaline) · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 489 1 / 9 · barely saline (hyperoligohaline) · Merged from a synonym record (Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum) · Reported · 2026-09-05	Sourced
Cultivation
Minimum root depth	37 cm	37 cm · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 6 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 818	Sourced
Usda legacy
C n ratio	empty	11.8 · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 90, 412	Not on the record
Other
Soil ph indicator	—	7 · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 1 observation · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 203	Not on the record
Temperature indicator	—	7 · TRY Plant Trait Database · Measured · 2 observations · 2026-10-09 TRY 7.0 datasets 203, 489	Not on the record

Xanthium strumarium L., 1753 47% complete

California-bur

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Data sources